The drug ethambutol is part of the standard therapy, which consists of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol.

Ethambutol is administered at the beginning of the 6-month standard therapy in the initial phase over 2 months. The dosage depends on body weight. If possible, it should be taken together with the other medications at least 30 minutes before breakfast, as this is the most effective way. If this results in poor tolerance, it can also be taken after a light breakfast or in the evening.

Before and while taking ethambutol, the eyes should be checked by an ophthalmologist at least every 4 weeks, as the drug can cause inflammation of the optic nerve. An early sign of this may be a deterioration in color vision. In rare cases, joint pain may also occur.

The treating physicians should be informed of any side effects so that they can react to them and possibly adjust the therapy.

If a medication in the standard therapy does not work or is intolerable, the composition and duration of the therapy can be changed. If the tablets are not taken regularly, the therapy may fail. The bacteria then begin to multiply again and can become resistant to the medication taken. This can lead to more complicated and longer treatment with poorer chances of recovery.